Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is considered the final messenger in Islam, born in Mecca around 570 EC. He belonged to the Quraish tribe and was known for his honesty and integrity, earning the nickname “Al-Amin” (the trustworthy).At the age of 40, he began receiving revelations from Allah through the angel Gabriel. These revelations form the basis of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. His teachings emphasized monotheism, social justice, and moral conduct.Despite facing significant opposition from the Quraish, he continued to preach Islam, eventually gaining followers. In 622 CE, he migrated to Medina, an event known as the Hijra, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. In Medina, he established a community and a new social order based on Islamic principles.Prophet Muhammad’s life included many significant events, such as the battles of Badr and Uhud, and he worked to unite the tribes of Arabia under Islam. He passed away in 632 CE in Medina after a brief illness, leaving behind a profound legacy that continues to shape the lives of millions.His teachings and example (Sunnah) guide Muslims in their daily lives, emphasizing compassion, justice, and respect.

Early Life,Birth and Family Background:Born in Mecca around 570 CE, Muhammad was part of the respected Quraysh tribe.His father, Abdullah, died before his birth, and his mother, Amina, died when he was six years old. He was raised by his grandfather and later by his uncle, Abu Talib.Youth:Muhammad grew up to be known for his integrity and trustworthiness, earning him the title “Al-Amin.”He worked as a merchant, gaining a reputation for honesty, which eventually led to him being employed by Khadijah, a wealthy widow. They married when he was 25, and she became his first and most significant supporter.

Prophethood First Revelation:At 40, during his retreats to the Cave of Hira, Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel (Jibril). This marked the beginning of his prophethood in 610 CE.The messages emphasized the oneness of God (Tawhid), the importance of moral conduct, and social justice.

Initial Preaching:Muhammad began to preach publicly, starting with his close family and friends. His early followers included Khadijah, Ali (his cousin), and Abu Bakr.The message of Islam challenged the existing social norms, particularly idolatry, leading to hostility from the Quraish leaders.

Opposition and MigrationPersecution in Mecca:As his following grew, so did the persecution from the Quraysh. Muslims faced social ostracism, economic sanctions, and physical abuse.The early community faced significant hardships, leading some to seek refuge in Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia).

Hijra to Medina:In 622 CE, facing increasing hostility, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina (then known as Yathrib) in an event known as the Hijra. This migration marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.In Medina, he established a multi-religious community and became a political leader, creating the Constitution of Medina, which outlined the rights and responsibilities of all citizens.Establishing IslamCommunity Building:Muhammad worked to unify the various tribes in Medina, promoting cooperation among Muslims, Jews, and other tribes.He established a system of prayers, charity (Zakat), and other practices that became central to Islamic life.

Key Battles:Battle of Badr (624 CE): A significant early victory against the Quraish that boosted Muslim morale.

Battle of Uhud (625 CE): Muslims faced a setback, and Muhammad was injured, but the community regrouped and learned from the experience.Battle of the Trench (627 CE): The Quraish and their allies besieged Medina, but Muslims successfully defended the city.Conquest of Mecca and Later YearsConquest of Mecca:In 630 CE, Muhammad led a peaceful conquest of Mecca. He cleansed the Kaaba of idols and established it as a central place of worship for Muslims.He forgave many of his former adversaries, emphasizing mercy and reconciliation.

Final Years and Death:Muhammad continued to preach and consolidate Islam, sending messages to various leaders and tribes.He delivered his Farewell Sermon during the Hajj in 632 CE, summarizing key teachings of Islam: equality, justice, and community.

Death:Muhammad passed away in Medina on June 8, 632 CE, after a brief illness. He was buried in the chamber of his wife Aisha, which is now part of the Prophet’s Mosque.

LegacyThe Quran and Sunnah:The Quran, revealed to Muhammad, serves as the primary text of Islam. The Sunnah, consisting of his sayings and actions, provides guidance for Muslims.His teachings emphasize compassion, social justice, honesty, and community welfare.

Impact:

“لقد کان لكم فی رسول الله اسوة حسنة”

Muhammad is revered as a model of virtue (Uswatun Hasanah) in Islam, and his life continues to inspire millions.Islam rapidly spread beyond Arabia after his death, becoming one of the world’s major religions.Prophet Muhammad’s life embodies principles of faith, leadership, and ethical conduct, establishing a framework for a comprehensive way of life for Muslims around the world.